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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition that affects communication, behavior, and social interaction. The term “spectrum” reflects the wide variation in symptoms and severity. Individuals with ASD may have unique strengths, challenges, and abilities, which makes every case distinct.
Characteristics and Symptoms:
Core features of ASD include difficulties with social communication, repetitive behaviors, and restricted interests. Some individuals may struggle with maintaining eye contact, interpreting facial expressions, or understanding social cues. Repetitive movements such as hand-flapping, insistence on routine, and intense focus on specific topics are also common. Sensory sensitivities—like aversion to certain sounds, lights, or textures—can significantly impact daily life.
Causes and Risk Factors:
While the exact cause of ASD is unknown, research suggests a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Certain genetic mutations and family history may increase susceptibility. Prenatal factors, such as advanced parental age or complications during pregnancy, may also play a role.…